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This is Fig. 78 from the 1982 decade paper. This slide shows bifurcation buckling modes and pressures (Pcr) predicted by BOSOR5 for the externally pressurized football-shaped shell with (left) and without (right) the weld cool-down effect included in the analysis.
Inclusion of the effect of weld cool-down lowers the critical pressure pcr by about 10 per cent, according to the BOSOR5 prediction.
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