Schematic of the unbuckled tank containing water and a profile of the buckling mode predicted by BOSOR4 (Bushnell). The buckles are short in the meridional direction and relatively long in the hoop (circumferential) direction because prebuckling meridional compression is combined with circumferential tension in the tank wall where the buckles occur.
The buckling mode is non-axisymmetric with a trigonometric circumferential variation that has n waves.
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