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Thick metallic cylindrical shells under uniform axial compression exhibit only a small degree of imperfection sensitivity because plastic flow occurs well before bifurcation buckling and the material softens as it is loaded beyond its yield limit.
Typically, these shells buckle in a series of axisymmetric bulges which accumulate near one of the ends of the shell as it is further and further axially compressed. Shells of this type are sometimes used as energy absorbers to limit damage in a crash.
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