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This slide shows end views of axially compressed, stiffened panels and columns made of thin-walled segments.
This and the next slide demonstrate the type of buckling modal interaction in which local buckling or local pre-buckling deformation of the skin diminishes the average axial stiffness of the skin as it acts in a general buckling mode.
The softer, locally post-buckled or locally deformed skin causes the general buckling load factor to be lower than it would be if the skin remained undeformed.
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