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Buckling of conical shell under combined axial compression and external pressure

Cone angle is 14 degrees
r2/t - 54.0 (r2 at the bottom)
Failure load combination, axial load, F=231.9 kN, external pressure, p= 1.12 MPa

from Professor Jan Blachut, Mechanical Engineering, University of Liverpool, April 2012. More details are given in a forthcoming paper to appear in the Ocean Engineering Journal.

This post-buckling deformation pattern appears to be a combination of the deformation patterns displayed in the previous two slides, with significant axial localization of the "elephant foot" component of deformation.

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