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This and the next 2 images are from:
Chuh Mei, K. Abdel-Motagaly, and R. Chen (Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA) (1999),
“Review of nonlinear panel flutter at supersonic and hypersonic speeds, Appl. Mech. Rev. 52(10), 321–332.
ABSTRACT: A review of various analytical methods and experimental results of supersonic and hypersonic panel flutter is presented. The analytical methods are categorized into two main methods. The first category is the classical methods, which include Galerkin in conjunction with numerical integration, harmonic balance and perturbation methods. The second category is the finite element methods in either the frequency domain (eigensolution) or the time domain (numerical integration). A review of the experimental literature is given. The effects of different parameters on the flutter behavior are described. The parameters considered include inplane forces, thermal loading, flow direction, and initial curvature. Active control of composite panels at supersonic speeds and elevated temperatures is also considered.
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