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This is Fig. 49 in the 2006 difficult paper. This slide shows the nonlinear state of the optimized imperfect shell after the STAGS transient run (INDIC=6). The load factor, PA, is held constant during the STAGS transient run: PA = 1.118. TIME = 0.02775 seconds (time step no. 180).
The load factor, PA = 1.0, is the design load factor, that is, the load factor under which the shell was previously optimized by PANDA2. The optimum design is listed in Table 14 (three slides ago).
In the STAGS model displayed here the stringers are smeared out and the rings are modeled with shell units. The STAGS 480 finite element is used.
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