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This is Fig. 18 from the 2005 PANDA2 paper. Shown here is a 1 x 3 major bay STAGS sub-domain model of the shell optimized as imperfect by PANDA2 (Case name= testax4). The shell is perfect in this STAGS linear buckling model.
This linear buckling mode, obtained by STAGS for the same perfect shell on which the prediction of the previous slide is based, again exhibits stringer rolling buckling. All major stiffeners and sub-stiffeners are modeled as shell units, fasteners are used, and the STAGS 480 finite element is used.
Shown here is linear bifurcation buckling mode 1, buckling load factor, Pcr = 1.2757.
Compare with the previous slide, which features a STAGS sub-domain model of the same shell that includes nine times the area included in this much smaller 1 x 3 major bay STAGS model.
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