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There are six primary forms of initial imperfections in aluminium stiffened plates caused by welding, namely initial distortion of plating (between stiffeners), column-type initial distortion of stiffeners, sideways initial distortion of stiffeners, residual stresses of plating, residual stresses of stiffener web and softening of the heat affected zone (HAZ).
This and the next 3 images are from:
Masoud Pedram and Mohammad Reza Khedmati (Marine Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran), “The effect of welding on the strength of aluminium stiffened plates subject to combined uniaxial compression and lateral pressure”, Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng. (IJNAOE), Vol. 6, pp 39-59, 2014
DOI: 10.2478/IJNAOE-2013-0162
ABSTRACT: Nowadays aluminum stiffened plates are one of the major constituents of the marine structures, especially high-speed vessels. On one hand, these structures are subject to various forms of loading in the harsh sea environment, like hydrostatic lateral pressures and in-plane compression. On the other hand, fusion welding is often used to assemble those panels. The common marine aluminum alloys in the both 5,000 and 6,000 series, however, lose a remarkable portion of their load carrying capacity due to welding. This paper presents the results of sophisticated finite-element investigations considering both geometrical and mechanical imperfections. The tested models were those proposed by the ultimate strength committee of 15th ISSC. The presented data illuminates the effects of welding on the strength of aluminum plates under above-mentioned load conditions.
This image originally from:
Rigo, P., Sarghiuta, R., Estefen, S., Lehmann, E., Otelea, S.C., Pasqualino, I., Simonsen, B.C., Wan, Z. and Yao, T., 2003. Sensitivity analysis on ultimate strength of aluminium stiffened panels. Marine structures, 16(6), pp.437-468.
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