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Predicted deformations of an imperfect axially compressed laminated composite cylindrical shell before, during and after buckling

From the same paper as that cited in the previous slide.

The authors write [with some editing]:
"Just before buckling occurs the shell wall deformations are characterized by one or several localized ellipse-like deformation patterns as indicated in (a). Starting from this localized single buckle additional local buckles form around the dircumference at first (b) and then also along the length of the shell (c). As the buckling process continues the deformation pattern in the shell wall continues to evolve and the ellispe-like buckles in the shell begin to conjoin into larger diamond-shaped buckles. After the kinetic energy in the shell has dissipated to a negligible level the shell has deformed into a stable postbuckling mode shape (d). This behavior was observed for any combination of imperfection pattern and laminate and is therfore general for geometrically imperfect laminated composite cylindrical shells."

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