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This is Fig. 1c from the 2011 GENOPT paper. This slide shows the cross section of a single module of the model used for the prediction of local buckling by GENOPT/BIGBOSOR4.
In this model the noodles are present (located in the "noodle gaps" and not shown here). These noodles have axial stiffness and absorb their share of the axial compression, but in the GENOPT model they do not support the little shell segments that enclose them.
Careful inspection of these little segments, especially those at the bottom of this figure, reveals that they deform in the local buckling mode. They deform because the BIGBOSOR4 model is such that a noodle does not support the little shell segments that enclose it.
This conservative model is generated when the index, ILINKS (defined in Table 1 of the 2011 GENOPT paper and fully described at Prompt No. 195 in Table 2 of the 2011 GENOPT paper) is equal to zero. See Figs. 2, 3, 9 of the 2011 GENOPT paper, and see the next slide for local buckling modes based on this type of model.
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