From the same paper as the previous image.
Figure 8. Compressive atom ejection. (a) Cascade atom ejection during post-buckling (top); locations of ejected atoms in the initial undeformed atomic configuration of the unwrapped SWCNT wall (bottom). (b) Beam-bending buckling of the nanotube under quasi-static loading. Atomic energy levels denote the average atomic bond energies with positive and negative signs indicating average bond stretching or compression. (c,d) Schematic of crack growth under crack-opening tension and crack-closing compression, respectively. (a,b) Red dotted lines, sp3 bond; dashed-dotted lines, bond break; dotted circles, atom ejection.
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