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Fig. 3. Experiment results to confirm the snapping-back buckling mode. Two identical columns with a width-to-length ratio w/L=0.28 (width w=14.6 mm, length L=52.0 mm, depth b=30.0 mm) are loaded separately under (A) displacement control and (B) force control. (A) Relation between normalized force F/(wb) and displacement delta/L as delta/L varies at a 0.1/min rate. The snapshots show the shapes of the column before snap-downward (1), after snap-downward (2) and at the end of the loading (3) (scale bar, 10.0 mm). (B) Normalized force–displacement relations as F/(wb) varies at a 0.2/min rate. The dots on the curves are the measured data points. The small number of the data points during the snap-forward and snap-backward implies a rapid change in displacement. The insets in (A) and (B) show the expected loading and unloading paths for the snapping-back buckling mode. The dashed line represents unstable equilibrium paths that cannot be reached in the experiments
From the same paper as the previous image.
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