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This and the next image are from:
Zubair Bin Khalil, Minoru Yamashita, Yusuke Kuno and Toshio Hattori (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan),
“Energy absorption performance of press-formed shell”, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 81, pp 951-956, 2014; 11th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity, ICTP2014, 19-24 October 2014, Nagoya Congress Center, Nagoya, Japan
ABSTRACT: Flat top and hemispherical shaped shells made by press forming were deformed by indentation using flat or round headed indentor. Effect of the shell shape, sheet thickness, indentor shape and the speed on the deformation behavior was investigated. The material was mild steel SPCE or aluminum alloy A5052. Speed effect of SPCE on the indentation force became remarkably large, when the indenting or loading direction was reversed to that in the forming. It was small for A5052 material. Energy absorption performance was also evaluated in considering the mass of the shell, which is used as an index for the light-weight structure design. The energy absorption efficiency was highest for case of the flat top shell indented by flat headed indentor. Almost constant collapse force was obtained when the spherical shell was deformed with hemispherical indentor.
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