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This is Fig. 20 from the 1987 PANDA2 paper. This slide shows:
(b) a discretized model of a single hat-stiffened module with
(a) the local bifurcation buckling mode and
(c) the wide column buckling mode.
The "wide-column" buckling model is sometimes reasonably accurate in predicting buckling between rings, or if there are no rings, general buckling of an entire shell. The PANDA2 user has a choice whether or not to include wide-column buckling as a constraint condition during optimization cycles. Often the "wide column" model is too conservative, especially for shells and panels that are long in the axial direction and for panels and shells with widely spaced rings.
(from Computers & Structures, Vol.25, No.4, pp. 469-605, 1987)
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