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Fig. 10 of the 1998 zstiffener paper. This slide shows a local skin buckling mode of an axially compressed optimized panel with riveted Z-shaped stringers. The stringer spacing is 10 inches.
The axial compression is normal to the plane of the paper, and the buckling modal displacement components, u, v, w, vary in this direction (axially) trigonometrically with m axial half-waves (strip method).
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