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Ref. [75] is:
75. J. Paulose, G. A. Vliegenthart, G. Gompper, and D. R. Nelson, Fluctuating Shells under Pressure, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 19551 (2012)
FROM:
Andrej Kosmrlj (1) and David R. Nelson (2)
(1) Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
(2) Department of Physics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
“Statistical mechanics of thin spherical shells”, Physical Review X, Vol. 7, 011002, January 2017
ABSTRACT: We explore how thermal fluctuations affect the mechanics of thin amorphous spherical shells. In flat membranes with a shear modulus, thermal fluctuations increase the bending rigidity and reduce the in-plane elastic moduli in a scale-dependent fashion. This is still true for spherical shells. However, the additional coupling between the shell curvature, the local in-plane stretching modes, and the local out-of-plane undulations leads to novel phenomena. In spherical shells, thermal fluctuations produce a radius-dependent negative effective surface tension, equivalent to applying an inward external pressure. By adapting renormalization group calculations to allow for a spherical background curvature, we show that while small spherical shells are stable, sufficiently large shells are crushed by this thermally generated “pressure.” Such shells can be stabilized by an outward osmotic pressure, but the effective shell size grows nonlinearly with increasing outward pressure, with the same universal power-law exponent that characterizes the response of fluctuating flat membranes to a uniform tension.
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