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From:
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) website:
http://www.dnv.com/services/software/products/nauticus/hull/bucklingassessment.asp
Three buckling modes of an axiallly compressed panel longitudinally stiffened by "blades" (stiffeners with rectangular cross section):
Left-most image: a buckling mode in which local buckling of the skin between stiffeners predominates with some participation of the stiffeners in the buckling mode.
Middle image: Buckling mode in which buckling of the stiffeners predominates with some participation of skin buckling.
Right-most image: general buckling
About the PULS computer program (Panel Ultimate Limit State): - Buckling assessment software for stiffened plate elements.
The anonymous author writes:
"PULS (Panel Ultimate Limit State) software package is a computerised buckling code recognised by DNV for strength assessment of stiffened thin plate elements in ship and offshore structures. With this software you can stress-test your plate design in a safe software environment.
The methods used by the PULS buckling assessment software are based on advanced mathematical models, implemented into easy and intuitive user interfaces. The PULS strength limits are quickly assessed and supported by 3D graphics for improved understanding of the buckling phenomena.
In addition to PULS the package contains programs for buckling strength calcuations according to the DNV Offshore codes:
(a) Buckling strength of stiffened plate panels according to DNV RP-C201
(b) Buckling strength of stiffened and unstiffened cylindrical shells according to DNV RP-C202
The PULS buckling assessment software is introduced as a recognised method for assessing buckling and ultimate strength limits of stiffened panels being subjected to the simultaneous action of in-plane loads such as bi-axial compression, tension and shear stresses in combination with lateral pressure. The PULS code is implemented as a part of the ship newbuilding rules from 2004 and it constitutes the basic SiO method for assessing corrosion allowances. The PULS code is also incorporated in the new rules for tanker structure developed by Det Norske Veritas, The American Bureau of Shipping and Lloyd's Register (Joint Tanker Project – JTP).
The PULS code is implemented as part of the Nauticus Hull programs for automatic buckling control. PULS buckling check is available in Section Scantlings and in Automatic Buckling Check for buckling assessment of finite element models created in Nauticus Hull. In addition two different stand alone user interfaces are also available.
(a) PULS XL is fast and convenient to use for automatic buckling control of many real cases.
(b) PULS XL is included in Nauticus Hull Rule Check.
PULS Advanced Viewer provides easy access to 3D graphics of different results like buckling modes, redistributed stress patterns etc. This gives a deep understanding of the physical behaviour of non-linear buckling response.
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