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This is Fig. 6 from the 2005 PANDA2 paper.
This slide shows the STAGS model of the entire cylindrical shell: the sub-stringers and sub-rings are smeared, and the major stringers and major rings are modeled with shell units; the STAGS 480 finite element is used. This is bifurcation buckling mode 1 for the optimized perfect shell; buckling load factor from this STAGS model = Pcr = 1.0222. The PANDA2 model predicts buckling at the load factor, Pcr = 1.0 (the design load factor).
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