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From:
"On the buckling of cracked composite cylindrical shells under axial compression", by Ashkan Vasiri (Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, USA), Composite Structures, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 152-158, September 2007
ABSTRACT OF THE PAPER:
Potential sensitivity of the buckling behavior of cracked composite cylindrical shells to service life cracking is explored by carrying out linear buckling analysis. Computational models of cracked composite cylindrical shells are developed by exploiting a special meshing scheme in which the element size is reduced incrementally from the element size employed in the uncracked region by approaching the crack tip. The effect of crack size and orientation, as well as the composite ply angle on the buckling behavior of cylindrical shells under axial compression is investigated. The results provide some insight into designing a composite laminate, which enhances the load capacity of cylindrical shells and minimizes their potential sensitivity to the presence of defects.
This slide is Fig. 2 of the paper. The figure caption is:
Fig. 2. (a) Buckling shapes of a composite cylindrical shell with ply sequence of [θ/−θ]3, which appear as the first and second buckling modes depending on the composite ply angle. Variation of (b) the first normalized buckling load, γ(1), and (c) the second normalized buckling load, γ(2), of a composite cylindrical shell vs the composite ply angle. The buckling loads are normalized by the first buckling load of the composite shell with ply angle of θ = 0° under axial compression. The associated buckling modes are identified for each buckling load and composite ply angle.
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