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This and the next seven slides demonstrate the effect of fabrication processes such as cold rolling, springback, and welding on the buckling of shells.
This is Fig. 5.10 from the paper, "Buckling of shells - Pitfall for designers" by David Bushnell, AIAA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 9, September 1981.
Shown here are two buckled ring-stiffened cylindrical shells tested by Wenk, et al at the David Taylor Model Basin in 1956.
The specimen on the left was fabricated by first rolling a flat sheet into a cylindrical shell, letting it spring back to an equilibrium state, and then welding external rings onto the cylindrical shell.
The specimen on the right was machined.
In these specimens critical buckling was local buckling between rings, without (left) and with (right) some deformation of the rings in the critical buckling mode.
These shells were analyzed with BOSOR5
(Photographs by Slankard, Wenk and colleagues at the David Taylor Model Basin, 1956)
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