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Schematic of load factor versus end shortening of the axially compressed composite cylindrical shell just shown

From the paper: On the solution of mode jumping phenomena in thin-walled shell structures" by Eduard Riks, Charles C. Rankin and Francis A. Brogan, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 136, 1996, pp. 59-92.

The plot of kinetic energy versus time shown on the next slide corresponds to the unstable part of this buckling process, that is, the part where the load factor abruptly decreases while the end shortening is held constant.

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