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This is Fig. 11 of the 1998 zstif paper. This slide shows a wide-column buckling mode of an axially compressed optimized panel with riveted Z-shaped stringers. The stringer spacing is 10 inches.
Note especially that there is considerable side-sway of the stringer as the panel module buckles in the wide-column mode shape. The wide-column buckling model simulates inter-ring buckling or general buckling if there are no rings.
The PANDA2 user can choose whether or not to allow wide-column buckling to constrain the design during optimization cycles. The wide-column buckling model is often too conservative, especially for long panels and shells and for panels and shells with widely spaced rings.
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