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This is Fig. 7 from the 2005 substiff paper. This slide shows a STAGS model of the entire cylindrical shell. The sub-stringers and sub-rings are smeared, and the major stringers and major rings are modeled with shell units. The STAGS 480 finite element is used.
Shown here is STAGS bifurcation buckling mode number 19 for the optimized perfect shell. (Mode no. 19 is the first mode that corresponds to general buckling.) The STAGS buckling load factor, Pcr = 1.0511. Pcr = 1.0 is the design load.
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