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This is Fig. 6 from the 2005 substiff paper. This slide shows a STAGS model of the entire cylindrical shell. The sub-stringers and sub-rings are smeared, and the major stringers and major rings are modeled with shell units; the STAGS 480 finite element is used.
Shown here is STAGS bifurcation buckling mode 1 for the PANDA2-optimized perfect shell. The STAGS buckling load factor, Pcr = 1.0222. Pcr = 1.0 is the design load.
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