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This is Fig. 4 from the 2005 substiff paper. This slide shows a STAGS sub-domain model used for inter-ring and local buckling. The sub-domain model includes 3 major ring bays and 9 major stringer bays.
The sub-stringers and sub-rings are modeled as beams (STAGS 210 finite elements), and the major stringers and major rings are modeled with shell units. The STAGS 410 finite element is used.
Shown here is the STAGS bifurcation buckling mode 1 for the PANDA2-optimized perfect shell. The STAGS buckling load factor, Pcr = 1.0259. Pcr = 1.0 is the design load.
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