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The 4 citations given in the figure caption are:
Abedi, M.M., Niknejad, A., Liaghat, G.H., & Nejad, M.Z. (2012). Theoretical and experimental study on empty and foam-filled columns with square and rectangular cross section under axial compression. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 65: 134-146.
Hanssen, A.G., Langseth, M. & Hopperstad, O.S. 2000. Static and dynamic crushing of square aluminium extrusions with aluminium foam filler. International Journal of Impact Engineering 24: 347-383.
Santosa, S., Wierzbicki, T., Hanssen, A.G. & Langseth, M. 2000. Experimental and numerical studies of foam-filled sections. Interna-tional Journal of Impact Engineering. 24(5): 509-534.
Zarei, H.R. & Kroger, M. 2008. Optimization of the foam-filled aluminum tubes for crush box application. Thin-Walled Structures 46(2): 214-221.
This image is from:
Fauzan Djamaluddin (Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Hasanuddin University, Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia),
“Review: deformation and optimisation crashworthiness method for foam filled structures”, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 16, No. 7, e213, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78255702
ABSTRACT: In this paper, we give overview of deformation modes for the uniform foam filled thin-walled structure such as circular tubes, square tubes, rectangular tubes, tapered tubes, hat tubes and cone tubes. Foam material is used as a reinforcing material on a thin wall tube which has potential as being a good energy absorber. This is evident from many of the studies undertaken on the crashworthiness performance and energy absorption of the thin wall tube. Also, this paper presents a review of the current state of the art in computational optimization methods applied to foam filled structures, offering a clear vision of the latest research advances in this field.
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