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![Configurations treated by the computer program VICONOPT](thumbnails/s1.jpg) |
![Typical energy absorbing tubular thin shell structures to enhance vehicle crashworthiness](thumbnails/s2.jpg) |
![Typical load-axial-displacement curve for a typical axially compressed, thin-walled tube energy absorber](thumbnails/s3.jpg) |
![Buckling of a square aluminum tube under axial impact](thumbnails/s4.jpg) |
![Axial crushing of foam-filled square tubes](thumbnails/s5.jpg) |
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Configurations treated by the computer program VICONOPT |
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Typical energy absorbing tubular thin shell structures to enhance vehicle crashworthiness |
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Typical load-axial-displacement curve for a typical axially compressed, thin-walled tube energy absorber |
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Buckling of a square aluminum tube under axial impact |
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Axial crushing of foam-filled square tubes |
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![Thin-walled square tube filled with (a) uniform foam and (c) axially graded foam](thumbnails/s6.jpg) |
![Force-displacement for axially crushed foam-filled square tube](thumbnails/s7.jpg) |
![Axial crushing of square hollow tube](thumbnails/s8.jpg) |
![Thin-walled crushed square tube](thumbnails/s9.jpg) |
![Crushing of axially compressed thin-walled polygonal columns](thumbnails/s10.jpg) |
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Thin-walled square tube filled with (a) uniform foam and (c) axially graded foam |
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Force-displacement for axially crushed foam-filled square tube |
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Axial crushing of square hollow tube |
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Thin-walled crushed square tube |
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Crushing of axially compressed thin-walled polygonal columns |
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![Crushing and crashworthiness of axially compressed multicelled tubular columns with various bio-inspired thin-walled cross sections](thumbnails/s11.jpg) |
![Crushed multicelled tubular columns](thumbnails/s12.jpg) |
![Axially compressed lattice-walled cylindrical shells](thumbnails/s13.jpg) |
![Great strength of an axially compressed paper cruciform column](thumbnails/s14.jpg) |
![Torsional buckling of a cruciform column under uniform axial compression](thumbnails/s15.jpg) |
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Crushing and crashworthiness of axially compressed multicelled tubular columns with various bio-inspired thin-walled cross sections |
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Crushed multicelled tubular columns |
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Axially compressed lattice-walled cylindrical shells |
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Great strength of an axially compressed paper cruciform column |
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Torsional buckling of a cruciform column under uniform axial compression |
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