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Fig. 9. Typical experimental and numerical failure modes of (a) stub columns [19] and (b) beam-columns [13].
References 13 and 19 are:
13 K.H. Law, L. Gardner, Buckling of elliptical hollow section members under combined compression and uniaxial bending, J Constr Steel Res, 86 (2013), pp. 1-16
19 T.M. Chan, L. Gardner, Compressive resistance of hot-rolled elliptical hollow sections, Eng Struct, 30 (2008), pp. 522-532
From the same paper as the previous image
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