Strain-normal-deformation curve of the film at the location of the ridge peak during its 4 phases of wrinkle-to-ridge transition

From the same paper as the previous 2 images.

Fig. 4. Vertical displacement V of the ridge peak, minus the vertical displacement Vo of the homogeneous deformation, for all the equilibrium states as a function of strain epsilon. The dashed curve segments are states that are unstable to arbitrarily small disturbances or perturbations.

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