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Fiber buckling deformations are in the plane of the composite laminate, that is, in the direction parallel to the axis about which the bending (folding) occurs (normal to the plane of the leftmost of the three images here). One can see especially from the rightmost image that the local buckling deformation is periodic in the z-direction, that is, along the width of the composite laminate (the horizontal direction in the rightmost image).
The extreme amount of bending (folding) occurring without some cracking or delamination of the composite indicates that composite laminates such as this (laminates with a very soft matrix) are ideal for use in the fabrication of deployable structures.
The “Francis” citations are:
W. H. Francis. “Mechanics of post-microbuckled compliant-matrix composites”. Master’s thesis, Colorado State University, 2008.
W. H. Francis, M.S. Lake, and J. Steven Mayes. “A review of classical fiber microbuckling analytical solutions for use with elastic memory composites”. In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Paper number AIAA-2006-1764, Newport, RI, 2006.
This image is from the same dissertation as the previous image.
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