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This is Fig. 60 from the 2006 PANDA2 paper. Shown here is a STAGS compound model of the optimum design previously obtained for an imperfect shell from PANDA2 (Table 14 of the 2006 PANDA2 paper) for the externally T-ring and T-stringer stiffened imperfect cylindrical shell under combined loading.
The general buckling modal imperfection in this STAGS model has amplitude, Wimp = -1.0 inch.
The stringers are modeled as shell units over a 60-degree sector and are smeared out over the remaining 300 degrees of circumference. (That is why this STAGS model is called a "compound" model.)
This figure shows the nonlinearly deformed state of the imperfect shell at load factor PA = 1.100 and at TIME = 0.012475 seconds (time step no. 110) during an execution of STAGS with INDIC = 6 (STAGS nonlinear transient run).
PA = 1.0 corresponds to the design load under which the shell was previously optimized as imperfect by PANDA2.
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