Distributioin of residual stresses across the thin-walled profile (cross-section).

References [11], [12] and [13] are:
11 R.C. Spoorenberg, H.H. Snijder, J.C.D. Hoenderkamp, Proposed residual stress model for roller bent steel wide flange sections, J. Constr. Steel Res., 67 (2011), pp. 992-1000
12 S.P. Chiew, Y.F. Jin, C.K. Lee, Residual stress distribution of roller bending of steel rectangular structural hollow sections, J. Constr. Steel Res., 119 (2016), pp. 85-97
13 I.D. Thanasoulas, C.J. Gantes, Numerical investigation on the residual stresses of roller-bent circular-hollow-sections, J. Constr. Steel Res., 164 (2020), p. 105777

This image is from the same paper as the previous image.

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