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Type of column failure as a function of the slenderness ratio, L/r

From the same paper as the previous 3 images.

L = column length
r = column cross section radius of gyration
delta-sub-oc = initial global imperfection amplitude at the column midlength
t-sub-w = web thickness
t-sub-1 = flange thickness
b-sub-w - web height
b-sub-1 = web half-width
sigma-sub-y = material yield stress
sigma-sub-c = stress at local bifurcation buckling load

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