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Specimen CIG has flat webs.
Specimens CWG-1,2,3 have corrugated webs with cross sections as displayed 4 images ago.
This and the next image are from:
D. Kollár, B. Kövesdi, “Welding simulation of corrugated web girders - Part 2: Effect of manufacturing on shear buckling resistance”, Thin-Walled Structures, Vol. 141, pp 477-488, August 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.04.035
ABSTRACT: Residual stresses and initial geometric imperfections have important effect on the buckling resistance of slender plated steel structures. Despite their large importance, the actual knowledge on residual stresses and exact geometric imperfections are limited, especially for corrugated web girders. In the accompanying paper [1] (Part 1) a finite element model of corrugated web girders is introduced and verified, which is able to virtually simulate the manufacturing process (cold-forming; cutting, welding) of corrugated web girders. The presented numerical model is able to determine the actual imperfection shape and residual stresses which are specific for the actual girder geometry and manufacturing method. The numerical model is further developed for simulating geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA) on the virtually manufactured specimens to determine the shear buckling resistance. The effect of manufacturing imperfections on the shear buckling resistance is evaluated for several different corrugation geometries and the obtained tendencies are evaluated and discussed in the current paper.
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