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![Curved thin-walled beam](thumbnails/s61.jpg) |
![Typical welding-induced residual stess patterns in thin-walled beams](thumbnails/s62.jpg) |
![Three girder web cross section geometries](thumbnails/s63.jpg) |
![Girder web cross section defomation at six time steps during the welding process](thumbnails/s64.jpg) |
![Finite element models of girder with various web cross section geometries](thumbnails/s65.jpg) |
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Typical welding-induced residual stess patterns in thin-walled beams |
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Three girder web cross section geometries |
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Girder web cross section defomation at six time steps during the welding process |
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Finite element models of girder with various web cross section geometries |
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![Girder web Von Mises residual stress distributions from various fabrication processes](thumbnails/s66.jpg) |
![Buckling of the girder web as loaded shown in the next image](thumbnails/s67.jpg) |
![Girder web Von Mises stress distributions from various fabrication processes and at post-buckled failure](thumbnails/s68.jpg) |
![Examples of built-up columns](thumbnails/s69.jpg) |
![Concrete encased steel composite columns with different types of steel sections](thumbnails/s70.jpg) |
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Girder web Von Mises residual stress distributions from various fabrication processes |
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Buckling of the girder web as loaded shown in the next image |
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Girder web Von Mises stress distributions from various fabrication processes and at post-buckled failure |
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Examples of built-up columns |
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Concrete encased steel composite columns with different types of steel sections |
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![Concrete Encased Steel (CES) composite columns used in top down construction](thumbnails/s71.jpg) |
![Truss roof structures supported by prestressed cables](thumbnails/s72.jpg) |
![Local buckling failure of a cable-supported roof truss](thumbnails/s73.jpg) |
![Various concrete-filled L-shaped tubular columns to be axially and obliquely compressed](thumbnails/s74.jpg) |
![Local buckling of one of the L-shaped concrete-filled axially compressed columns.](thumbnails/s75.jpg) |
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Concrete Encased Steel (CES) composite columns used in top down construction |
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Truss roof structures supported by prestressed cables |
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Local buckling failure of a cable-supported roof truss |
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Various concrete-filled L-shaped tubular columns to be axially and obliquely compressed |
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Local buckling of one of the L-shaped concrete-filled axially compressed columns. |
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