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See the website:
http://seltadinozoffabadi.wordpress.com/author/seltadinozoffabadi/
Posted to the website February 4, 2013:
"Global buckling of a pipeline implies buckling of the pipe as a bar in compression. The global buckling may appear either downwards (in a free span), horizontally (lateral buckling on the seabed) or vertically (as upheaval buckling of buried pipelines or on a crest of exposed pipelines normally followed by a lateral turn-down). Local buckling on the other hand is a gross deformation of the pipe cross section. Global buckling is a response to compressive effective axial force and global buckling reduces the axial carrying capacity. Pipelines exposed to potential global buckling are then either those with high effective axial compressive forces, or pipelines with low buckling capacity, typically light pipelines with low lateral pipe-soil resistance."
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