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From the same paper as the previous 2 images.
Fig. 6. Characteristic pre-buckling deformed shape of a slender silo under eccentric pipe flow discharge
One of the conclusions of the authors:
“Eccentric discharge is widely recognized as an extremely damaging phenomenon for thin-walled cylindrical silos, causing buckling at a small fraction of the concentric discharge condition. It is thought that silos under this load condition may be much less imperfection sensitive than uniformly compressed cylinders, and it is suggested that computational design analyses of silos under eccentric discharge should perhaps be undertaken using only the perfect geometry.”
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