Shear buckling near an end of a cylindrical tube where shear force (SFD) dominates; "local" buckling in the midlength region on the compressive side where the bending moment (BMD) dominates; extensive tube flattening combined with local midlength buckling of a very long tube
OMEGA-sub-u = (L-sub-u/r)[sqrt(t/r)] in whiich t = tube wall thickness and r = tube radius to the middle surface of the tube wall
