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| Normalized load versus imperfection amplitude for eigenmode-shaped imperfection |
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| Perfect finite element model and the finite element model with measured imperfections |
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| Load-end-shortening curve for axially compressed isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell with measured imperfection |
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| Buckled imperfect axially compressed isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell |
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| Application of perturbation load to create a single dimple imperfection in the axially compressed cylindrical shell |
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| Silo on discrete supports: Axial and circumferential stiffening near the bottom to distribute the concentrated axial compression in the shell wall |
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| Buckling (under torque?): Ring-stiffened shell (top); Stringer-stiffened shell (bottom) |
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| Optimum design of composite lattice cylindrical shell under axial compression |
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| Buckling of reticuated cylindrical shell with reticulated sub-structures |
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| Buckling of waffle-stiffened shells under (left) axial compression and (right) external pressure |
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| Optimization of axially compressed laminated composite isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell |
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| A single cell of the composite isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell |
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| Axially compressed isogrid-stiffened imperfect cylindrical shell |
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| Various patterns of grid stiffening in axially compressed stiffened cylindrical shells |
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| "Panel" buckling in which various subsets of the stiffeners buckle along with the panel skin |
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