Design margins having to do with buckling of panels and shells with rings

This slide is from the 2005 substiff paper. The design margins listed here all have to do with various kinds of buckling of rings attached to a ahell. "Hi-n" means high number of circumferential half-waves in the critical local ring buckling mode; "Lo-n" means low number of circumferential half-waves in the critical local ring buckling mode. "FS" means "factor of safety".

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