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![Normalized load versus imperfection amplitude for eigenmode-shaped imperfection](thumbnails/s196.jpg) |
![Perfect finite element model and the finite element model with measured imperfections](thumbnails/s197.jpg) |
![Load-end-shortening curve for axially compressed isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell with measured imperfection](thumbnails/s198.jpg) |
![Buckled imperfect axially compressed isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell](thumbnails/s199.jpg) |
![Application of perturbation load to create a single dimple imperfection in the axially compressed cylindrical shell](thumbnails/s200.jpg) |
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Normalized load versus imperfection amplitude for eigenmode-shaped imperfection |
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Perfect finite element model and the finite element model with measured imperfections |
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Load-end-shortening curve for axially compressed isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell with measured imperfection |
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Buckled imperfect axially compressed isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell |
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Application of perturbation load to create a single dimple imperfection in the axially compressed cylindrical shell |
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![Silo on discrete supports: Axial and circumferential stiffening near the bottom to distribute the concentrated axial compression in the shell wall](thumbnails/s201.jpg) |
![Buckling (under torque?): Ring-stiffened shell (top); Stringer-stiffened shell (bottom)](thumbnails/s202.jpg) |
![Optimum design of composite lattice cylindrical shell under axial compression](thumbnails/s203.jpg) |
![Buckling of reticuated cylindrical shell with reticulated sub-structures](thumbnails/s204.jpg) |
![Buckling of waffle-stiffened shells under (left) axial compression and (right) external pressure](thumbnails/s205.jpg) |
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Silo on discrete supports: Axial and circumferential stiffening near the bottom to distribute the concentrated axial compression in the shell wall |
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Buckling (under torque?): Ring-stiffened shell (top); Stringer-stiffened shell (bottom) |
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Optimum design of composite lattice cylindrical shell under axial compression |
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Buckling of reticuated cylindrical shell with reticulated sub-structures |
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Buckling of waffle-stiffened shells under (left) axial compression and (right) external pressure |
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![Optimization of axially compressed laminated composite isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell](thumbnails/s206.jpg) |
![A single cell of the composite isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell](thumbnails/s207.jpg) |
![Axially compressed isogrid-stiffened imperfect cylindrical shell](thumbnails/s208.jpg) |
![Various patterns of grid stiffening in axially compressed stiffened cylindrical shells](thumbnails/s209.jpg) |
![](thumbnails/s210.jpg) |
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Optimization of axially compressed laminated composite isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell |
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A single cell of the composite isogrid-stiffened cylindrical shell |
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Axially compressed isogrid-stiffened imperfect cylindrical shell |
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Various patterns of grid stiffening in axially compressed stiffened cylindrical shells |
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"Panel" buckling in which various subsets of the stiffeners buckle along with the panel skin |
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