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| Imperfection sensitivity from Koiter asymptotic theory |
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| Spherical shells to be buckled under uniform external pressure |
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| Spherical shell under external pressure: Knockdown factor versus probe displacement |
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| Post-buckled externally pressurized spherical shells tested by J.M.T. Thompson, Cambridge University, September 1961 |
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| Primary and secondary buckling of a spherical shell under external pressure |
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| Machined steel "perfect" shells buckled under uniform external pressure |
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| 1 meter diameter laminated composite hemispherical shell fabricated in gores. The shell is to be tested under uniform external pressure |
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| Laminated composite hemispherical shell after the test under uniform external pressure |
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| HY steel hemispherical shell assembled from petals. The shell is to be tested under uniform external pressure. |
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| Simulation of a growing spherical shell that buckles inside an (invisible) hollow sphere. |
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| Buckling of a relatively thick spherical cap (R/t=50) under uniform external pressure |
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| Buckling of perfect and imperfect very thin (R/t=1000) clamped spherical cap under uniform external pressure |
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| Axisymmetric buckling of clamped shallow spherical shells under external uniform pressure; Critical buckling load versus geometric "shallowness" parameter, Lambda |
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| Buckling of a shallow spherical cap with uniform external pressure |
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| Buckling of externally pressurized spherical caps from test and theory |
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