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![Finite element model of the undeformed and deformed thin-shell projectile](thumbnails/s196.jpg) |
![Circumferential buckling pattern of the projectile](thumbnails/s197.jpg) |
![Buckling and post-buckling of externally pressurized spherical caps](thumbnails/s198.jpg) |
![Buckling and post-buckling of prolate egg-shaped domes under hydrostatic external pressure](thumbnails/s199.jpg) |
![Buckling and post-buckling of externally pressurized egg-shaped hull with variouis thicknesses, t](thumbnails/s200.jpg) |
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Finite element model of the undeformed and deformed thin-shell projectile |
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Circumferential buckling pattern of the projectile |
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Buckling and post-buckling of externally pressurized spherical caps |
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Buckling and post-buckling of prolate egg-shaped domes under hydrostatic external pressure |
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Buckling and post-buckling of externally pressurized egg-shaped hull with variouis thicknesses, t |
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![Shallow part of spherical shell under external pressure](thumbnails/s201.jpg) |
![Knockdown factor versus amplitude of imperfection in the form of the critical bifurcation buckling mode](thumbnails/s202.jpg) |
![Knockdown factor versus amplitude of a single dent at the apex of the shallow spherical shell](thumbnails/s203.jpg) |
![Knockdown factor versus the size of a cut-out](thumbnails/s204.jpg) |
![Internally ring-stiffened, welded submarine hull tested at DTMB and analyzed by BOSOR5](thumbnails/s205.jpg) |
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Shallow part of spherical shell under external pressure |
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Knockdown factor versus amplitude of imperfection in the form of the critical bifurcation buckling mode |
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Knockdown factor versus amplitude of a single dent at the apex of the shallow spherical shell |
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Knockdown factor versus the size of a cut-out |
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Internally ring-stiffened, welded submarine hull tested at DTMB and analyzed by BOSOR5 |
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![The effect of welding is simulated by axisymmetric cool-down from the annealing temperature](thumbnails/s206.jpg) |
![(a) Pre-buckling axisymmetric deformation under external pressure including welding. (b) Pre-buckling deformations at the maximum pressure including and neglecting welding](thumbnails/s207.jpg) |
![Including welding reduces the critical pressure by about 10 per cent](thumbnails/s208.jpg) |
![Buckling: Externally pressurized spherical shell to clothoidal shell](thumbnails/s209.jpg) |
![Buckling of imperfect externally pressurized composite hemispherical shell](thumbnails/s210.jpg) |
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The effect of welding is simulated by axisymmetric cool-down from the annealing temperature |
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(a) Pre-buckling axisymmetric deformation under external pressure including welding. (b) Pre-buckling deformations at the maximum pressure including and neglecting welding |
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Including welding reduces the critical pressure by about 10 per cent |
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Buckling: Externally pressurized spherical shell to clothoidal shell |
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Buckling of imperfect externally pressurized composite hemispherical shell |
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