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 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
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Cortex folding during brain development (Evolution steps) for four different thicknesses (A/B) of the cortex |
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Different folding patterns as a function of the ratio of shear moduli mu(s)/mu(c) of cortex/core |
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Cortex folding patterns for: (a-d) uniform gs/gc around the circumference; (e-h) non-uniform gs/gc around circumference |
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Spiral patterns in cactus: TOP: actual; BOTTOM: computer simulation |
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A potential stress-driven Fibonacci spiral buckling pattern in a spheroidal core/shell structure |
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 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
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The buckling of capillaries in solid tumours: buckled cross sections |
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Cross section of "buckles" in a red bell pepper |
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Buckling and wrinkling patterns in the natural world |
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buckled spheroids: top row: actual; bottom row: simulated |
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Stress-driven buckling patterns in spheroidal core/shell structures |
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 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
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Buckling ("snap"-through) of the dome of a suffle upon cooling |
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Axisymmetric tree buckles |
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Giant clam shell (about 3 feet across) |
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An undamaged angel wing shell, found and photographed by Allen Waters of NASA Langley Research Center |
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Dried shell of a sea urchen |
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