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Legendre polynomal expansion for finite element models |
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Nonlinear perfect and imperfect equilibrium paths and fold line |
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Cylindrical panel with inward point load |
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3-D representation of nonlinear equilibrium path for the system shown in the previous image |
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Elastic postbuckling curves for plates, columns, shells |
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Buckling of axially compressed column |
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Buckling of a fixed-free rod: Euler load versus loads corrected for the effect of transverse shear deformation |
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Equilibrium paths for elastic-plastic columns with large (top), intermediate (middle) and small (bottom) slenderness |
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Postbuckling behavior of an axially compressed unstiffened rectangular plate |
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Variable stiffness panel by varying stiffener angle and/or composite fiber angle over the surface |
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In-plane deformation of a laminate with ϕ=90 under uniform end shortening, u0. |
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Upper and lower buckling loads of perfect and imperfect shells |
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Axially compressed laminated composite cylindrical shell: Normalized maximum stress capability versus normalized imperfection amplitude |
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Nonlinear load-displacement curve showing different kinds of instability |
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Schematic Riks-Wempner method |
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