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| Legendre polynomal expansion for finite element models |
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| Nonlinear perfect and imperfect equilibrium paths and fold line |
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| Cylindrical panel with inward point load |
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| 3-D representation of nonlinear equilibrium path for the system shown in the previous image |
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| Elastic postbuckling curves for plates, columns, shells |
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| Buckling of axially compressed column |
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| Buckling of a fixed-free rod: Euler load versus loads corrected for the effect of transverse shear deformation |
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| Equilibrium paths for elastic-plastic columns with large (top), intermediate (middle) and small (bottom) slenderness |
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| Postbuckling behavior of an axially compressed unstiffened rectangular plate |
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| Variable stiffness panel by varying stiffener angle and/or composite fiber angle over the surface |
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| In-plane deformation of a laminate with ϕ=90 under uniform end shortening, u0. |
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| Upper and lower buckling loads of perfect and imperfect shells |
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| Axially compressed laminated composite cylindrical shell: Normalized maximum stress capability versus normalized imperfection amplitude |
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| Nonlinear load-displacement curve showing different kinds of instability |
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| Schematic Riks-Wempner method |
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