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| The load-displacement relation for the NiTi tube shown in the previous slide |
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| First four buckling modes for (a) uncracked and (b) axially cracked axially compressed cylindrical shell |
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| STAGS finite element model of an axially compressed cylindrical thin shell with a crack |
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| Transient unstable buckling response of a 0.04-inch-thick shell with a 3.0-inch-long crack under axial compression |
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| STAGS predictions of load-deflection and kinetic energy of the axially compressed shell with a crack |
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| Buckling of axially compressed cylindrical shell with elastic liner: (A) no liner, (B) with liner |
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| Cylindrical shell with (A) circumferential and (B) longitudinal crack |
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| Buckling loads of axially compressed internally pressurized cylindrical shell with a crack at various angles |
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| Axially compressed cylindrical shell with a circular dent |
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| State of the axially compressed, dented cylindrical shell at the limit load |
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| Load-end-shortening curve for the axially compressed, dented cylindrical shell. The load is normaized by the linear bifurcation buckling load of the perfect shell. |
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| Buckling of a short axially compressed cylindrical shell with two neighboring dents |
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| Axially compressed short cylindrical shell with two nearby dents |
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| Short cylindrical shell under various loadings |
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| Translation and deformation of a short cylindrical shell loaded as shown in the previous image |
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