| 
  | 
  | 
  | 
  | 
  | 
 | 
| Creating an initial geometric imperfection by application of a small concentrated load normal to the shell surface |  
  | 
| Axially compressed and laterally poked cylindrical shell |  
  | 
| Localized buckling of an axially compressed cylindrical shell |  
  | 
| Yoshimura pattern similar to the post-buckling pattern in an axially compressed cylindrical shell |  
  | 
| The evolution of the post-buckling pattern of an axially compressed, unstiffened cylindrical shell with increasing axial compression |  
  | 
 | 
 | 
  | 
  | 
  | 
  | 
  | 
 | 
| Collapsing mode of a circular cylindrical shell |  
  | 
| Yoshimura buckling pattern used in architecture |  
  | 
| Buckling of roll of toilet paper having accidentally been axially compressed |  
  | 
| Axisymmetric post-buckled toilet roll |  
  | 
| Yoshimura pattern as shown in Fig. 2 "Developed view of the buckled surface" in NACA-TM-1390, 1955 by Y. Yoshimura |  
  | 
 | 
 | 
  | 
  | 
  | 
  | 
  | 
 | 
| Yoshimura pattern as shown in Fig. 3 "Cross and longitudinal sections of the buckled surface" in NACA-TM-1390, 1955 by Y. Yoshimura |  
  | 
| Paper models of Yoshimura deformation patterns on cylindrical shells from n = 16 (left) to n = 2 circumferential "waves" |  
  | 
| A typical measured imperfection shape for a laminated composite cylindrical shell. |  
  | 
| Geometric imperfection shape using evolutionary power spectra |  
  | 
| Three types of imperfection shapes for the analysis of axially compressed imperfect cylindrical shells |  
  | 
 |