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| Pre-buckling plus post-buckling cross-section distortions vary with lengths L-sub-g and L-sub-u |
a) Shear buckling of a short cantilevered cylindrical shell with shear force V applied at the upper end, which has to remain circular and rotation free; b) longer shell in which both shear buckling and axial compresion buckling occur; c) compression buckling of shell with a weld sinkage |
Normalized buckling load and buckling mode shapes as functions of dimensionless length, L/r, of a cylindrical tube with various radius/thickness, r/t |
cantilevercylsheartocompbuck2 |
Wall construction of a multi-layered pipe for offshore application |
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| A possibly critical event during the life of the multi-layered offshore piping |
Buckling of the multi-layered flexible offshore pipe under the condition shown in the previous image |
Dented aluminum alloy cylindrical shells before testing under uniform axial compression |
Distribution of wind pressure on cylindrical tanks (left) and equivalent uniform pressure (right) |
First 5 vibration modes of a thick cylindrical shell |
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| External lateral explosive on a sector of a sand-filled cylindrical shell |
External explosive on a sector of a sand-filled cylindrical shell (Fig.2) and post-test deformation shapes for three values of the sector angle (phi): 45, 90 and 135 degrees (Fig. 3) |
Dynamic stress concentration coefficient in tunnel lineing with different values of buried depth in soft surrounding rock |
Dynamic fracture of a notched cylindrical shell with an internal explosion |
Flaring process of a steel tube |
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