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| Cylindrical panel with outward dent |
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| Porcupine quill trimmed for testing under axial compression |
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| Structurally, the porcupine quill is a foam-filled cylindrical shell |
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| Locally post-buckled, axially compressed porcupine quill, showing several delaminations of the wall |
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| Axially compressed short concrete-filled elliptical steel tube |
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| Finite element model of concrete-filled axially compressed elliptical tube |
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| Some of the concrete-filled elliptical tube specimens after testing under axial compression |
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| Axial load/stress curves for 4 of the axially compressed concrete-filled steel tubes |
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| Concrete filled axially compressed steel tubular stub column cross sections |
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| Locally buckled specimens of the types shown in the previous image |
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| Tapered Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFST) colunns used in structures |
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| Buckling of concrete filled and hollow tapered steel tube columns |
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| A lattice vault roof that can buckle |
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| Nonlinear static response from two models: 1. continuum shell and 2. lattice finite elements |
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| Elastic-plastic thick cylindrical shell under bending: Moment-curvature curves for R/t=10 |
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